Efficient surfaces for heat exchangers

The method for creation of effective heat transfer surfaces for one-phase flows, boiling, condensation, and radiation are considered. The results of experimental and analytical studies of the laws governing enhancement of heat transfer processes and influence of a macro- and microstructure of surfaces on the mechanism and characteristics of heat transfer are systematized. The concept of a real phase interface - a transition surface region - is introduced. The methods of enhancement of heat transfer in different channels of heat exchanging apparatus are considered. Practical recommendations for the choice of heat transfer enhancement, calculations of heat transfer, and hydraulic losses are given.